🧪 Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds – Important Questions
🟩 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)
Why is carbon tetravalent? What is catenation? Give an example. Write the molecular formula of ethanol and ethanoic acid. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity? Write the structural formula of methane. What type of bond is formed between two carbon atoms in ethene? Name the functional group present in CH₃COOH. Give the IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CH₂OH.
🟨 Short Answer Questions (2–3 marks)
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with one example each. Explain the three types of covalent bonds with examples. What is homologous series? Write its two characteristics. Why are detergents better than soaps in hard water? Explain esterification reaction with a chemical equation. What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ at 170°C? Write the structural formulas of: (a) Propane (b) Butene (c) Ethanoic acid Why is carbon able to form a large number of compounds?
🟥 Long Answer Questions (4–5 marks)
What are hydrocarbons? Explain their classification with examples and general formula. Write the differences between soaps and detergents. What are oxidation and reduction reactions in carbon compounds? Give examples. Describe the mechanism of cleaning action of soap with a neat diagram. Explain the formation of ethanol from ethene. What happens when: (a) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate (b) Ethanol reacts with acetic acid (c) Ethanol burns in air? Write equations for each. Define isomerism. Draw the structures of isomers of butane and pentane.
🧭 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Carbon forms covalent bonds, but ionic compounds conduct electricity. Why don’t covalent compounds? Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons while alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated? An organic compound burns with a sooty flame. What does this tell you about its structure? Two carbon compounds have molecular formulas C₂H₆ and C₂H₄. Which one will decolorize bromine water and why?
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